噪声污染问题随着社会的发展日益严峻，人们通过各种方式去减少噪声的影响，尤其是对生活、工作等封闭空间，常使用不同的建筑声学材料以达到消音减噪的效果。在这个过程中人们使用的建筑声学材也不再单一，更趋向于复杂化，往往会结合不同声学材料来进行声环境的改善。本文通过介绍不同的隔声材料和吸声材料的分类、原理、用途及优缺点，以此来有效规避每种材料在使用过程中的缺陷，例如隔声材料中轻钢龙骨墙体应减少“声桥”效应，隔音门中的门扇与门框之间的密封，隔音窗中对于型材和玻璃配置的选择；以及吸声材料中纤维类材料应尽量保证内部有大量相互贯通且向外开放的微孔结构，穿孔材料应尽量复合纤维类材料共同使用等，从而有效控制或阻断噪声源，降低噪声污染的破坏性。

With the development of society, the problem of noise pollution has become increasingly serious. People have adopted various methods to reduce the impact of noise, especially in enclosed spaces such as living and working areas, where different building acoustic materials have been used to achieve the effect of sound absorption and noise reduction. In this process, the building acoustic materials used by people are no longer single; instead, they tend to be more complex. It is common to combine different acoustic materials to improve the acoustic environment, so as to create a more comfortable environment. This article introduces the classification, principles, uses, as well as corresponding advantages and disadvantages of different sound insulation materials and sound absorption materials, so as to effectively avoid the defects of each material in the process of use. For example, in sound insulation materials, the “sound bridge” effect should be reduced in light steel keel walls; the sealing between the door leaf and the door frame in sound insulation doors should be ensured; and the selection of profiles and glass configurations in sound insulation windows should be paid attention to. As for sound absorption materials, fiber materials should try to ensure that there are a large number of interconnected and outwardly open microporous structures inside; perforated materials should be used in combination with fiber materials as much as possible, etc. Through these measures, noise sources can be effectively controlled or blocked, and the destructiveness of noise pollution can be gradually reduced.

TU55+2