近年来，新能源汽车行业发展迅猛。锂离子电池因其能量密度大、循环寿命长等优势成为应用最广泛的动力电池，但其在极端条件下存在热失控安全问题。气凝胶作为一种新型纳米多孔隔热材料，复合材料耐温可达1000℃以上，其凭借优异的隔热性能及轻质、防火、环保等特性，被逐渐应用于新能源汽车电池电芯隔热防火。本文介绍了锂离子电池热失控现象及热防护措施，常用的气凝胶隔热材料及其应用于锂电池中的性能优势，并与传统动力电池隔热材料进行对比，最后对其应用前景进行展望。

In recent years, the new energy vehicle industry has been developing rapidly. Lithium-ion battery has become the most widely used power battery due to its advantages of high energy density and long cycle life, but it has thermal runaway problem under extreme conditions. As a new nano-porous thermal insulation material, the temperature resistance of aerogel composite can reach more than 1000°C. Due to its excellent thermal insulation performance, light weight, fire resistance and environmental protection, it is gradually applied in the thermal insulation and fire protection of new energy vehicle battery cells. This paper introduces the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery and the protection measures, the commonly used aerogel thermal insulation materials and their outstanding performance advantages for application in lithium batteries, and compares them with traditional power battery thermal insulation materials. Finally, the application prospect is given.

TQ427; TM912

山东省“十四五”重点研发计划项目“新型绿色建材集成创新与示范”（2021SFGC0903）