近年来，二氧化硅气凝胶凭借其优异性能在诸多领域被广泛应用。硅源作为制备SiO2气凝胶最重要的组成部分，对获得结构完整、性能优良的SiO₂气凝胶至关重要。本文综述了多种硅源为前驱体的SiO₂气凝胶发展历程及制备。硅源种类划分为单一硅源和复合硅源。单一硅源主要有水玻璃、硅溶胶、工农业含硅废料及常见硅醇盐；复合硅源通过引入疏水性和功能性基团来改善结构性能，从而实现其在不同领域的应用。最后对SiO₂气凝胶硅源的选择、研究现状及前景进行探讨。

In recent years, silica aerogel has been widely applied in many fields due to its excellent performance. As the most important part of preparing silica aerogel, silicon source is crucial to obtain silica aerogel with complete structure and excellent performance. In this paper, the development history and preparation of silica aerogel with various silicon sources as precursor are reviewed. The types of silicon sources are divided into single silicon source and composite silicon source. The single silicon sources mainly include water glass, silica sol, industrial and agricultural silicon-containing waste and common silicon alkoxide. The composite silicon sources can improve the structure and properties of silica aerogel by introducing hydrophobic and functional groups, thus realizing its application in different fields. Finally, the selection, research status and future prospects of silicon sources of silica aerogel are discussed.

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山东省“十四五”重点研发计划项目“新型绿色建材集成创新与示范”（2021SFGC0903）